To outline a theory

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To outline a theory...

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To outline a theory...

IJP - International Journal of Psycho-analysis

JAPA - Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association

SE - Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1953—74.)

PSOC - Psychoanalytic Study of the Child (New Haven: Yale University Press)

PQ - Psychoanalytic Quarterly

WAF - The Writings of Anna Freud, ed. Anna Freud (New York: International Universities Press, 1966—74)

PMC - Psychoanalysis The Major Concepts ed. Burness E. Moore and Bernard D. Fine (New Haven: Yale University Press)

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О словаре: _about - Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts

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1. Abend, S. M. Identity. PMC. Forthcoming.

2. Abend, S. M. (1974) Problems of identity. PQ, 43.

3. Abend, S. M., Porder, M. S. & Willick, M. S. (1983) Borderline Patients. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

4. Abraham, K. (1916) The first pregenital stage of libido. Selected Papers. London, Hogarth Press, 1948.

5. Abraham, K. (1917) Ejaculatio praecox. In: selected Papers. New York Basic Books.

6. Abraham, K. (1921) Contributions to the theory of the anal character. Selected Papers. New York: Basic Books, 1953.

7. Abraham, K. (1924) A Short study of the development of the libido, viewed in the light of mental disorders. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.

8. Abraham, K. (1924) Manic-depressive states and the pre-genital levels of the libido. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1949.

9. Abraham, K. (1924) Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1948.

10. Abraham, K. (1924) The influence of oral erotism on character formation. Ibid.

11. Abraham, K. (1925) The history of an impostor in the light of psychoanalytic knowledge. In: Clinical Papers and Essays on Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books, 1955, vol. 2.

12. Abrams, S. (1971) The psychoanalytic unconsciousness. In: The Unconscious Today, ed. M. Kanzer. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

13. Abrams, S. (1981) Insight. PSOC, 36.

14. Abse, D W. (1985) The depressive character In Depressive States and their Treatment, ed. V. Volkan New York: Jason Aronson.

15. Abse, D. W. (1985) Hysteria and Related Mental Disorders. Bristol: John Wright.

16. Ackner, B. (1954) Depersonalization. J. Ment. Sci., 100.

17. Adler, A. (1924) Individual Psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace.

18. Akhtar, S. (1984) The syndrome of identity diffusion. Amer. J. Psychiat., 141.

19. Alexander, F. (1950) Psychosomatic Medicine. New York: Norton.

20. Allen, D. W. (1974) The Feat- of Looking. Charlottesvill, Va: Univ. Press of Virginia.

21. Allen, D. W. (1980) Psychoanalytic treatment of the exhibitionist. In: Exhibitionist, Description, Assessment, and Treatment, ed. D. Cox. New York: Garland STPM Press.

22. Allport, G. (1937) Personality. New York: Henry Holt.

23. Almansi, R. J. (1960) The face-breast equation. JAPA, 6.

24. Almansi, R. J. (1979) Scopophilia and object loss. PQ, 47.

25. Altman, L. Z. (1969) The Dream in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

26. Altman, L. Z. (1977) Some vicissitudes of love. JAPA, 25.

27. American Psychiatric Association. (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3d ed. revised. Washington, D. C.

28. Ansbacher, Z. & Ansbacher, R. (1956) The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler. New York: Basic Books.

29. Anthony, E. J. (1981) Shame, guilt, and the feminine self in psychoanalysis. In: Object and Self, ed. S. Tuttman, C. Kaye & M. Zimmerman. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

30. Arlow. J. A. (1953) Masturbation and symptom formation. JAPA, 1.

31. Arlow. J. A. (1959) The structure of the deja vu experience. JAPA, 7.

32. Arlow. J. A. (1961) Ego psychology and the study of mythology. JAPA, 9.

33. Arlow. J. A. (1963) Conflict, regression and symptom formation. IJP, 44.

34. Arlow. J. A. (1966) Depersonalization and derealization. In: Psychoanalysis: A General Psychology, ed. R. M. Loewenstein, L. M. Newman, M. Schur & A. J. Solnit. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

35. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Fantasy, memory and reality testing. PQ, 38.

36. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Unconscious fantasy and disturbances of mental experience. PQ, 38.

37. Arlow. J. A. (1970) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 51.

38. Arlow. J. A. (1975) The structural hypothesis. PQ, 44.

39. Arlow. J. A. (1977) Affects and the psychoanalytic situation. IJP, 58.

40. Arlow. J. A. (1979) Metaphor and the psychoanalytic situation. PQ, 48.

41. Arlow. J. A. (1979) The genesis of interpretation. JAPA, 27 (suppl.).

42. Arlow. J. A. (1982) Problems of the superego concept. PSOC, 37.

43. Arlow. J. A. (1984) Disturbances of the sense of time. PQ, 53.

44. Arlow. J. A. (1985) Some technical problems of countertransference. PQ, 54.

45. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1963) Psychoanalytic Concepts and the Structural Theory, New York: Int. Univ. Press.

46. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1969) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 50.

47. Asch, S. S. (1966) Depression. PSOC, 21.

48. Asch, S. S. (1976) Varieties of negative therapeutic reactions and problems of technique. JAPA, 24.

49. Atkins, N. (1970) The Oedipus myth. Adolescence, and the succession of generations. JAPA, 18.

50. Atkinson, J. W. & Birch, D. (1970) The Dynamics of Action. New York: Wiley.

51. Bachrach, H. M. & Leaff, L. A. (1978) Analyzability. JAPA, 26.

52. Bacon, C. (1956) A developmental theory of female homosexuality. In: Perversions,ed, S. Lorand & M. Balint. New York: Gramercy.

53. Bak, R. C. (1953) Fetishism. JAPA. 1.

54. Bak, R. C. (1968) The phallic woman. PSOC, 23.

55. Bak, R. C. & Stewart, W. A. (1974) Fetishism, transvestism, and voyeurism. An American Handbook of Psychiatry, ed. S. Arieti. New York: Basic Books, vol. 3.

56. Balint, A. (1949) Love for mother and mother-love. IJP, 30.

57. Balter, L., Lothane, Z. & Spencer, J. H. (1980) On the analyzing instrument, PQ, 49.

58. Basch, M. F. (1973) Psychoanalysis and theory formation. Ann. Psychoanal., 1.

59. Basch, M. F. (1976) The concept of affect. JAPA, 24.

60. Basch, M. F. (1981) Selfobject disorders and psychoanalytic theory. JAPA, 29.

61. Basch, M. F. (1983) Emphatic understanding. JAPA. 31.

62. Balldry, F. Character. PMC. Forthcoming.

63. Balldry, F. (1983) The evolution of the concept of character in Freud's writings. JAPA. 31.

64. Begelman, D. A. (1971) Misnaming, metaphors, the medical model and some muddles. Psychiatry, 34.

65. Behrends, R. S. & Blatt, E. J. (1985) Internalization and psychological development throughout the life cycle. PSOC, 40.

66. Bell, A. (1961) Some observations on the role of the scrotal sac and testicles JAPA, 9.

67. Benedeck, T. (1949) The psychosomatic implications of the primary unit. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 19.

68. Beres, C. (1958) Vicissitudes of superego functions and superego precursors in childhood. FSOC, 13.

69. Beres, D. Conflict. PMC. Forthcoming.

70. Beres, D. (1956) Ego deviation and the concept of schizophrenia. PSOC, 11.

71. Beres, D. (1960) Perception, imagination and reality. IJP, 41.

72. Beres, D. (1960) The psychoanalytic psychology of imagination. JAPA, 8.

73. Beres, D. & Joseph, E. D. (1965) Structure and function in psychoanalysis. IJP, 46.

74. Beres, D. (1970) The concept of mental representation in psychoanalysis. IJP, 51.

75. Berg, M D. (1977) The externalizing transference. IJP, 58.

76. Bergeret, J. (1985) Reflection on the scientific responsi bilities of the International Psychoanalytical Association. Memorandum distributed at 34th IPA Congress, Humburg.

77. Bergman, A. (1978) From mother to the world outside. In: Grolnick et. al. (1978).

78. Bergmann, M. S. (1980) On the intrapsychic function of falling in love. PQ, 49.

79. Berliner, B. (1966) Psychodynamics of the depressive character. Psychoanal. Forum, 1.

80. Bernfeld, S. (1931) Zur Sublimierungslehre. Imago, 17.

81. Bibring, E. (1937) On the theory of the therapeutic results of psychoanalysis. IJP, 18.

82. Bibring, E. (1941) The conception of the repetition compulsion. PQ, 12.

83. Bibring, E. (1953) The mechanism of depression. In: Affective Disorders, ed. P. Greenacre. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

84. Bibring, E. (1954) Psychoanalysis and the dynamic psychotherapies. JAPA, 2.

85. Binswanger, H. (1963) Positive aspects of the animus. Zьrich: Spring.

86. Bion Francesca Abingdon: Fleetwood Press.

87. Bion, W. R. (1952) Croup dynamics. IJP, 33.

88. Bion, W. R. (1961) Experiences in Groups. London: Tavistock.

89. Bion, W. R. (1962) A theory of thinking. IJP, 40.

90. Bion, W. R. (1962) Learning from Experience. London: William Heinemann.

91. Bion, W. R. (1963) Elements of Psychoanalysis. London: William Heinemann.

92. Bion, W. R. (1965) Transformations. London: William Heinemann.

93. Bion, W. R. (1970) Attention and Interpretation. London: Tavistock.

94. Bion, W. R. (1985) All My Sins Remembered, ed. Francesca Bion. Adingdon: Fleetwood Press.

95. Bird, B. (1972) Notes on transference. JAPA, 20.

96. Blanck, G. & Blanck, R. (1974) Ego Psychology. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.

97. Blatt, S. J. (1974) Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. PSOC, 29.

98. Blau, A. (1955) A unitary hypothesis of emotion. PQ, 24.

99. Bleuler, E. (1911) Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1951.

100. Blos, P. (1954) Prolonged adolescence. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 24.

101. Blos, P. (1962) On Adolescence. New York: Free Press.

102. Blos, P. (1972) The epigenesia of the adult neurosis. 27.

103. Blos, P. (1979) Modification in the traditional psychoanalytic theory of adolescent development. Adolescent Psychiat., 8.

104. Blos, P. (1984) Son and father. JAPA_. 32.

105. Blum, G. S. (1963) Prepuberty and adolescence, In Studies ed. R. E. Grinder. New York: McMillan.

106. Blum, H. P. Symbolism. FMC. Forthcoming.

107. Blum, H. P. (1976) Female Psychology. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).

108. Blum, H. P. (1976) Masochism, the ego ideal and the psychology of women. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).

109. Blum, H. P. (1980) The value of reconstruction in adult psychoanalysis. IJP, 61.

110. Blum, H. P. (1981) Forbidden quest and the analytic ideal. PQ, 50.

111. Blum, H. P. (1983) Defense and resistance. Foreword. JAFA, 31.

112. Blum, H. P., Kramer, Y., Richards, A. K. & Richards, A. D., eds. (1988) Fantasy, Myth and Reality: Essays in Honor of Jacob A. Arlow. Madison, Conn.: Int. Univ. Press.

113. Boehm, F. (1930) The femininity-complex In men. IJP,11.

114. Boesky, D. Structural theory. PMC. Forthcoming.

115. Boesky, D. (1973) Deja raconte as a screen defense. PQ, 42.

116. Boesky, D. (1982) Acting out. IJP, 63.

117. Boesky, D. (1986) Questions about Sublimation In Psychoanalysis the Science of Mental Conflict, ed. A. D. Richards & M. S. Willick. Hillsdale, N. J.: Analytic Press.

118. Bornstein, B. (1935) Phobia in a 2 1/2-year-old child. PQ, 4.

119. Bornstein, B. (1951) On latency. PSOC, 6.

120. Bornstein, M., ed. (1983) Values and neutrality in psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Inquiry, 3.

121. Bowlby, J. (1960) Grief and morning in infancy and early childhood. PSOC. 15.

122. Bowlby, J. (1961) Process of mourning. IJP. 42.

123. Bowlby, J. (1980) Attachment and Loss, vol. 3. New York: Basic Books.

124. Bradlow, P. A. (1973) Depersonalization, ego splitting, non-human fantasy and shame. IJP, 54.

125. Brazelton, T. B., Kozlowsky, B. & Main, M. (1974) The early motherinfant interaction. In: The Effect of the Infant on Its Caregiver, ed. M. Lewis & L. Rosenblum New York Wiley.

126. Brenner, C. (1957) The nature and development of the concept of repression in Freud's writings. PSOC, 12.

127. Brenner, C. (1959) The masochistic character. JAPA, 7.

128. Brenner, C. (1973) An Elementary Textbook of Psycho-analysis. New York Int. Univ. Press.

129. Brenner, C. (1974) On the nature and development of affects PQ, 43.

130. Brenner, C. (1976) Psychoanalytic Technique and Psychic Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

131. Brenner, C. (1979) The Mind in Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

132. Brenner, C. (1979) Working alliance, therapeutic alliance and transference. JAPA, 27.

133. Brenner, C. (1981) Defense and defense mechanisms. PQ, 50.

134. Brenner, C. (1983) Defense. In: the Mind in Conflict. New York Int. Univ. Press.

135. Bressler, B. (1965) The concept of the self. Psychoanalytic Review, 52.

136. Breuer, J. & Freud, S. (1983—95) Studies on Hysteria. SE, 3.

137. Breznitz, S., ed. (1983) The Denial of Stress. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

138. Brody, S. (1964) Passivity. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

139. Brown, H. (1970) Psycholinquistics. New York: Free Press.

140. Bruner, J. S. (1964) The course of cognitive growth. Amer. Psychologist. 19.

141. Bruner, J., Jolly, A. & Sylva, K. (1976) Play. New York Basic Books.

142. Bruner, J. E., Olver, R. R. &Greenfield, P. M. (1966) Studies in Cognitive Growth. New York: Wiley.

143. Buie, D H. (1981) Empathy. JAPA, 29.

144. Burgner, M. & Edgeumble, R. (1972) Some problems in the conceptualization of early object relationships. PSOC, 27.

145. Call, J. ed. (1979) Basic Handbook of Child Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.

146. Carroll, G. (1956) Language, Thought and Reality. Cambridge & London: M. I. T. Press & John Wiley.

147. Cavenar, J. O. & Nash, J. L. (1976) The effects of Combat on the normal personality. Comprehensive Psychiat., 17.

148. Chassequet-Smirgel, J. (1978) Reflections on the connection between perversion and sadism. IJP, 59.

149. Chomsky, N. (1978) Language and unconscious knowledge. In: Psychoanalysis and Language, ed. J. H. Smith. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, vol. 3.

150. Clower, V. (1975) Significance of masturbation in female sexual development and function. In: Masturbation from Infancy to Senescence, ed. I. Marcus & J. Francis. New York: Int. Uni" Press.

151. Coen, S. J. & Bradlow, P. A. (1982) Twin transference as a compromise formation. JAPA, 30.

152. Compton, A. Object and relationships. PMC. Forthcoming.

153. Cullen, W. (1777) First Lines of the Practice of Psysic. Edinburgh: Bell, Brandfute.

154. Curtis, B. C. (1969) Psychoanalytic understanding and treatment of impotence. In: Sexual Function and Dysfunction, ed. P. J. Fink & V. B. O. Hummett. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.

155. Darwin, C. (1874) The Descent of Man. New York: Hurst.

156. Davidoff-Hirsch, H. (1985) Oedipal and preoedipal phenomena. JAPA, 33.

157. Davis, M. & Wallbridge, D. (1981) Boundary and Space. New York: Brunner-Mazel.

158. Deutsch, H. (1932) Homosexuality in women. PQ, 1.

159. Deutsch, H. (1934) Some forms of emotional disturbance and their relationship to schizophrenia. PQ, 11.

160. Deutsch, H. (1937) Absence of grief. PQ, 6.

161. Deutsch, H. (1942) Some forms of emotional disturbance and their relationship to schizophrenia. PQ, 11.

162. Deutsch, H. (1955) The impostor. In: Neuroses and Character Types. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1965.

163. Devereux, G. (1953) Why Oedipus killed Lains. IJP, 34.

164. Dewald, P. (1982) Psychoanalytic perspectives On resistance. In: resistance, Psychodynamics. and Behavioral Approaches, ed. P. Wachtel. New York: Plenum Press.

165. Dickes, R. (1963) Fetishistic behavior. JAPA. 11.

166. Dickes, R. (1965) The defensive function of an altered state of consciousness. JAPA, 13.

167. Dickes, R. (1967) Severe regressive disruption of the therapeutic alliance. JAPA, 15.

168. Dickes, R. (1981) Sexual myths and misinformation. In: Understanding Human Behaviour in Health and Illness, ed. R. C. Simon & H. Pardes. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

169. Dorpat, T. L. (1985) Denial and Defense in the Therapeutic Situation. New York: Jason Aronson.

170. Downey, T. W. (1978) Transitional phenomena in the analysis of early adolescent males. PSOC, 33.

171. Dunbar, F. (1954) Emotions and Bodily Functions. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.

172. Easson, W. M. (1973) The earliest ego development, primitive memory traces, and the Isakower phenomenon. PQ, 42.

173. Edelheit, H. (1971) Mythopoiesis and the primal scene. Psychoanal. Study Society, 5.

174. Edgcumbe, R. & Burgner, M. (1972) Some problems in the conceptualization of early object relation ships, part I. PSOC, 27.

175. Edgcumbe, R. & Burgner, M. (1975) The phallicnarcissistic phase. PSOC, 30.

176. Eidelberg, L. (1960) A third contribution to the study of slips of the tongue. IJP, 41.

177. Eidelberg, L. (1968) Encyclopedia of Psychoanalysis. New York: The Free Press; London: Collier-MacMillan.

178. Eissler, K. R. (1953) The effect of the structure of the ego on psychoanalytic technique. JAPA, 1.

179. Ellenberg, H. F. (1970) The Discovery of the Unconscious. New York: Basic Books.

180. Emde, R. N. (1980) Toward a psychoanalytic theory of affect: I. & G. H. Pollock. Washington NYMH.

181. Emde R., Gaensbaner, T. & Harmon R. (1976) Emotional Expression in Infancy. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

182. Erode R. & Harmon, R. J. (1972) Endogenous and exogenous smiling systems in early infancy. J. Amer. Acad. Child Psychiat., 11.

183. Engel, G. L. (1962) Psychological Development in Health and Disease. New York Saunders.

184. Engel, G. L. (1967) Psychoanalytic theory of somatic disorder. JAPA, 15.

185. Engel, G. L. (1968) A reconsideration of the role of conversion in somatic disease. Compr. Psychiat., 94.

186. English, H. B. & English, A. C. (1958) A comprehensive Dictionary of Psychological and Psychoanalytical Terms. New York: David McKay.

187. Erard, R. (1983) New wine in old skins. Int. Rev. Psychoanal., 10.

188. Erdelyi, M. H. (1985) Psychoanalysis. New York: W. H. Freeman.

189. Erikson, E. H. (1950) Childhood and Society. New York: Norton.

190. Erikson, E. H. (1956) The concept of ego identity. JAPA, 4.

191. Erikson, E. H. (1956) The problem of ego identity. JAPA, 4.

192. Esman, A. H. (1973) The primal scene. PSOC, 28.

193. Esman, A. H. (1975) The Psychology of Adolescence. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

194. Esman, A. H. (1979) Some reflections on boredom. JAPA, 27.

195. Esman, A. H. (1983) The "stimulus barrier": a review and reconsideration. PSOC, 38.

196. Fairbairn, W. R. D. (1952) Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

197. Fairbairn, W. R. D. (1954) An Object-Relations Theory of the Personality. New York: Basic Books.

198. Fairbairn, W. R. D. (1963) Synopsis of an Object-Relations theory of the personality. IJP, 44.

199. Fawcett, J., Clark, D. C., Scheftner, W. H. & Hedecker, D. (1983) Differences between anhedonia and normal hedonic depressive states. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 40.

200. Fenichel, O. (1934) On the psychology of boredom. Collected Papers. New York: Norton, 1953, vol. 1.

201. Fenichel, O. (1941) Problems of Psychoanalytic Technique. Albany, N. Y.: Psychoanalytic Quaterly.

202. Fenichel, O. (1945) Character disorders. In: The Psychoanalytic Theory of the Neurosis. New York: Norton.

203. Fenichel, O. (1945) The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis New York: Norton.

204. Fenichel, O. (1954) Ego strength and ego weakness. Collected Papers. New York: Norton, vol. 2.

205. Ferenczi, S. (1909) Introjection and transference. In: Sex in Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books.

206. Ferenczi, S. (191617) Disease or patho-neurosis. The Theory and Technique of Psychoanalysis. London: Hogarth Press, 1950.

207. Ferenczi, S. (1925) Psychoanalysis of sexual habits. In: The Theory and Technique of Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books.

208. Fine, B. D., Joseph, E. D. & Waldhorn, H. F., eds. (1971) Recollection and Reconstruction in Psychoanalysis. Monograph 4, Kris Study Group. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

209. Fink, G. (1967) Analysis of the Isakower phenomenon. JAPA, 15.

210. Fink, P. J. (1970) Correlation between "actual" neurosis and the work of Masters and Johson. P. Q, 39.

211. Finkenstein, L. (1975) Awe premature ejaculation. P. Q, 44.

212. Firestein, S. K. (1978) A review of the literature. In: Termination in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

213. Fisher, C. et. al. (1957) A study of the preliminary stages of the construction of dreams and images. JAPA, 5.

214. Fisher, C. et. al. (1968) Cycle of penile erection synchronous with dreaming (REM) sleep. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 12.

215. Fliess, R. (1942) The metapsychology of the analyst. PQ, 12.

216. Fliess, R. (1953) The Revival of Interest in the Dream. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

217. Fodor, N. & Gaynor, F. (1950) Freud: Dictionary of Psycho-analysis. New York: Philosophical Library.

218. Fordham, M. (1969) Children as Individuals. London: Hodder & Stoughton.

219. Fordham, M. (1976) The Self and Autism. London: Academic Press.

220. Fraiberg, S. (1969) Object constancy and mental representation. PSOC, 24.

221. Frank, A. Metapsychology. PMS. Forthcoming.

222. Frank, A. & Muslin, H. (1967) The development of Freud's concept of primal repression. PSOC, 22.

223. Frank, H. (1977) Dynamic patterns for failure in college students. Can. Psychiat. Ass. J., 22.

224. French, T. & Fromm, E. (1964) Dream Interpretation. New York: Basic Books.

225. Freud, A. (1936) The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense. New York Int. Univ. Press.

226. Freud, A. (1951) Observations on child development. PSOC, 6.

227. Freud, A. (1952) The mutual influences in the development of ego and id. WAF, 4.

228. Freud, A. (1958) Adolescence. WAF, 5.

229. Freud, A. (1962) Assessment of childhood disturbances. PSOC, 17.

230. Freud, A. (1962) Comments on psychic trauma. In: Furst (1967).

231. Freud, A. (1963) The concept of developmental lines. PSOC, 18.

232. Freud, A. (1965) Assessment of pathology, part 2. WAF, 6.

233. Freud, A. (1965) Normality and Pathology in Childhood. New York: Int. Univ. Press.

234. Freud, A. (1970) The infantile neurosis. WAF, 7.

235. Freud, A. (1971) Comments on aggression. IJP, 53.

236. Freud, A. (1971) The infantile neurosis. PSOC, 26.

237. Freud, A. (1981) Insight. PSOC, 36.

238. Freud, S. (1887—1902) Letters to Wilhelm Fliess. New York: Basic Books, 1954.

239. Freud, S. (1891) On the interpretation of the aphasias. SE, 3.

240. Freud, S. (1893—95) Studies on hysteria. SE, 2.

241. Freud, S. (1894) The neuropsychoses of defence. SE, 3.

242. Freud, S. (1895) On the ground for detaching a particular syndrome from neurasthenia under the description "anxiety neurosis". SE, 3.

243. Freud, S. (1895) Project for a scientific psychology. SE, 1.

244. Freud, S. (1896) Draft K, Jameary 1, 1896, Neuroses of defense (A Christmas fairytale). In: Extracts from the Fliess papers (1892—99).

245. Freud, S. (1896) Further remarks on the neuropsychosis of defense. SE, 3.

246. Freud, S. (1896) Heredity and aetiology of neurosis. SE, 3.

247. Freud, S. (1898) Sexuality in the aetiology of the neurosis. SE, 3.

248. Freud, S. (1899) Screen memories. SE, 3.

249. Freud, S. (1900) The interpretation of dreams. SE, 4—5.

250. Freud, S. (1901) Childhood memories and screen memories SE, 6.

251. Freud, S. (1901) On dreams. SE, 5.

252. Freud, S. (1901) The psychopathology of everyday life. SE, 6.

253. Freud, S. (1905) Fragments of an analysis of a case of hysteria. SE, 7.

254. Freud, S. (1905) Jokes and their relation to the unconscious. SE, 8.

255. Freud, S. (1905) Psysical (or mental) treatment. SE, 7.

256. Freud, S. (1905) Three essays on the theory of sexuality. SE. 7.

257. Freud, S. (1908) Character and anal erotism. SE, 9.

258. Freud, S. (1908) On the sexual theories of children. SE, 9.

259. Freud, S. (1908) Preface to Wilhelm Stekel's Nervous Anxiety-States and Their Treatment. SE, 9.

260. Freud, S. (1909) Analysis of a phobia in a five-year-old boy. SE, 10.

261. Freud, S. (1909) Family romances. SE, 9.

262. Freud, S. (1909) Notes upon a case of obsessional neurosis. SE, 10.

263. Freud, S. (1910) A special type of choice of object made by men. SE, 11.

264. Freud, S. (1910) The autithentical meaning of primal words. SE, 11.

265. Freud, S. (1910) The future prospects of psychoanalytic therapy. SE, 11.

266. Freud, S. (1910) The psychoanalytic view of psychogenic disturbance of vision. SE, 11.

267. Freud, S. (1911) Formulations on the two principles of mental functioning. SE, 12.

268. Freud, S. (1911) Notes on a case of paranoia. SE, 12.

269. Freud, S. (1911) Psychoanalytic notes on an autobiographical account of a case of paranoia. SE, 12.

270. Freud, S. (1911—15) Papers on technique. SE, 12.

271. Freud, S. (1912) Contribution to a discussion on masturbation. SE, 12.

272. Freud, S. (1912) On the universal tendency to abasement in the sphere of love. SE, 11.

273. Freud, S. (1912) The dynamics of transference. SE, 12.

274. Freud, S. (1913) Editor's note The disposition to obsessional neurosis. SE, 12.

275. Freud, S. (1913) On beginning the treatment. SE, 12.

276. Freud, S. (1913) Totem and taboo. SE, 13.

277. Freud, S. (1914) Fausse reconnaissance (deja reconte) in psychoanalytic treatment. SE, 13.

278. Freud, S. (1914) Mourning and melancholia. SE, 15.

279. Freud, S. (1914) Observations on transference love. SE, 12.

280. Freud, S. (1914) On narcissism. SE. 14.

281. Freud, S. (1914) On the history of the psychoanalytic movement. SE, 14.

282. Freud, S. (1914) Remembering, repeating, and working-through. SE, 12.

283. Freud, S. (1914—16) Some character types met with in psychoanalysis. (II) Those wrecked by success SE, 14.

284. Freud, S. (1915) Das UnbewuЯte. Gesammelte Werke, 10.

285. Freud, S. (1915) Instincts and their vicissitudes. SE, 14.

286. Freud, S. (1915) Observation on transference-love. SE, I2.

287. Freud, S. (1915) Repression. SE, 14.

288. Freud, S. (1915) The unconscious. SE, 14.

289. Freud, S. (1915—17) Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. SE, 15 & 16.

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292. Freud, S. (1917) A metapsychological supplement to the theory of dreams. SE, 14.

293. Freud, S. (1917) Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. SE, 16.

294. Freud, S. (1917) Mourning and melancholia. SE, 14.

295. Freud, S. (1917) On transformations of instinct as exemplified in anal erotism. SE, 17.

296. Freud, S. (1918) From the history of an infantile neurosis. SE, 17.

297. Freud, S. (1919) "A child is being beaten". SE, 17.

298. Freud, S. (1919) Lines of advance in psychoanalytic therapy. SE, 17.

299. Freud, S. (1919) The uncanny. SE, 17.

300. Freud, S. (1920) Beyond the pleasure principle. SE, 18.

301. Freud, S. (1920) The Psychogenesis of a case of homosexuality in a woman. SE, 18.

302. Freud, S. (1921) Group psychology and the analysis of the ego. SE, 18.

303. Freud, S. (1923) The ego and the id. SE, 19.

304. Freud, S. (1923) The infantile genital organization. SE, 19.

305. Freud, S. (1924) A short account of psychoanalysis. SE, 19.

306. Freud, S. (1924) Neurosis and psychosis. SE, 19.

307. Freud, S. (1924) The dissolution of the Oedipus complex SE, 19.

308. Freud, S. (1924) The economic problem of masochism. SE, 19.

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310. Freud, S. (1925) Negation. SE, 19.

311. Freud, S. (1925) Some psychical consequences of the anatomical distinction between the sexes. SE, 19.

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313. Freud, S. (1926) The question of lay analysis. SE, 20.

314. Freud, S. (1927) Fetishism. SE, 21.

315. Freud, S. (1930) Civilization and its discontents. SE, 21.

316. Freud, S. (1931) Female sexuality. SE, 21.

317. Freud, S. (1931) Libidinal types. SE, 21.

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1 trait, characteristic.

2 act (acto elogiable).

3 flourish, stroke (trazo).

4 feature, characteristic, features, trait.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: rasgar.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 (línea) stroke; (adorno) flourish

2 (facción del rostro) feature

■ sus rasgos me son familiares she looks familiar to me

3 (peculiaridad) characteristic, feature, trait

4 (acto) act, feat

■ un rasgo de heroísmo an act of heroism

\

explicar a grandes rasgos to outline, give a general outline of

* * *

- rasgos

* * *

1) (Anat) feature

2) (=peculiaridad) characteristic, feature

3) [con pluma] stroke, flourish

- a grandes rasgos

4) (=acto)

5) LAm (=acequia) irrigation channel; (=terreno) plot, plot of land

* * *

1)

a) ( característica) characteristic, feature

b) ( gesto) gesture

c) ( de la pluma) stroke; ( en pintura) brushstroke

2) rasgos masculino plural ( facciones) features (pl)

* * *

= feature, trait, contour, character trait, character.

Ex. The features which contribute to UDC's suitability for detailed indexing are particularly valued in special libraries.

Ex. The reasonable reader readily sees that most of these traits should be acquired and fostered early in life.

Ex. As a result, requesters have turned to the courts to define the contours of public access in the computer age.

Ex. Personality theory based on genetics is used to trace inherited character traits in European royalty.

Ex. Close attention to the role of the computer specialist reveals more of the character of reference activities.

----

* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.

* correspondencia de rasgos = feature matching.

* describir a grandes rasgos = paint + a broad picture.

* rasgo característico = characteristic feature.

* rasgo estilístico = stylistic feature.

* * *

1)

a) ( característica) characteristic, feature

b) ( gesto) gesture

c) ( de la pluma) stroke; ( en pintura) brushstroke

2) rasgos masculino plural ( facciones) features (pl)

* * *

* * *

1 (característica) characteristic, feature

2 (gesto) gesture

3 (de la pluma) stroke; (en pintura) brushstroke

a grandes rasgos in outline, broadly speaking

B rasgos mpl (facciones) features (pl)

* * *

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

a) ( característica) characteristic, feature

b) ( gesto) gesture

c) ( de la pluma) stroke;

◊ a grandes rasgos in outline, broadly speaking

◊ rasgos sustantivo masculino plural ( facciones) features (pl)

* * *

rasgo nm

1. [característica] trait, characteristic

2. [del rostro] feature;

tiene un rostro de rasgos asiáticos he has Asian features

3. [acto elogiable] act

4. [trazo] flourish, stroke

5.

explicar algo a grandes rasgos to outline sth

* * *

m feature;

a grandes rasgos broadly speaking

* * *

rasgo nm

1) : stroke (of a pen)

a grandes rasgos: in broad outlines

2) característica: trait, characteristic

3) : gesture, deed

4) rasgos nmpl

facciones: features

* * *

rasgo n

1. (facción) feature

2. (peculiaridad) characteristic

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   1) All Human Complex Problem Solving Is Creativity

   Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Models of Creative Association

   Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)

   3) Creative Innovation and Social Independence

   There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)

   4) Ego Strength and Emotional Stability among Creative Geniuses

   he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)

   5) Its Mundane Character

   he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)

   6) Mozart's Musical Ideas Came to Him in Polished Form

   From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)

   7) Scientific Theories and Works of Art Alike Originate in Fantasy

   Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)

   8) Self- Esteem and Creative Expression

   The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)

   9) Stages in Creative Problem- Solving

   In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)

    10) The Bisociative Pattern of the Creative Synthesis

   he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)

    11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with Disorder

   Even to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)

    12) The Inner Life of the Creative Process

   New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)

    13) The Problem of What Impels the Creative Person

   [P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....

   Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)

    14) Theories of Creative Thinking

   A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....

   Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)

exposer [εkspoze]

➭ TABLE 1

1. transitive verb

   a. ( = exhiber) [+ marchandises] to display ; [+ tableaux] to exhibit

• elle expose dans cette galerie she exhibits her work at that gallery

• les œuvres exposées the works on show

   b. [+ faits, raisons] to state ; [+ griefs] to air ; [+ idées, théories] to set out ; [+ situation] to explain

   c. ( = mettre en danger) [+ personne] to expose (à to ) ; [+ vie, réputation] to risk

• c'est une personnalité très exposée his position makes him an easy target for criticism

   d. ( = orienter, présenter) to expose

• maison exposée au sud house facing south

• endroit très exposé very exposed place

   e. (Literature) [+ action] to set out ; (Music) [+ thème] to introduce

2. reflexive verb

► s'exposer to expose o.s.

• s'exposer (au soleil) to expose o.s. (to the sun)

• s'exposer à [+ danger, sanction, critiques] to expose o.s. to

* * *

1) ( montrer) to exhibit [œuvre d'art]; to display, to put [something] on display [marchandise]

2) ( décrire) to state [faits]; to outline [idée, plan]; to list [griefs]; to explain [situation]; to expound [argument]; Littérature to set out [sujet]

3) Photographie to expose

4) ( mettre en danger) to risk [vie, réputation]; Droit to abandon a child

5) ( soumettre à) to expose (à to)

s'exposer verbe pronominal

1) ( se rendre vulnérable) to put oneself at risk

2) ( se placer)

* * *

1) (= montrer) [marchandise] to display, [peintures] to exhibit, to show

2) [problème, situation] (= parler de) to explain, to expose, to set out

3) (= mettre dans une situation dangereuse) to risk

4) (= orienter)

* * *

exposer verb table: aimer

A vtr

1 ( montrer) to exhibit [œuvre d'art]; to display, to put [sth] on display [marchandise]; to expose [condamné]; exposer qch aux regards or à la vue de tous to put sth on public view ou display;

2 ( décrire) to state [faits]; to outline [idée, plan]; to list [griefs]; to explain [situation]; to expound [argument]; Littérat to set out [sujet]; Mus to introduce [thème]; exposer sa thèse à qn to outline one's theory to sb; exposer ses observations sur qch to give one's comments on sth;

3 Phot to expose;

4 ( mettre en danger) to risk [vie, réputation]; to stake [fortune]; exposer un enfant Antiq to expose a child; Jur to abandon a child;

5 ( soumettre à) to expose (à to); ne reste pas exposé au soleil ( conseil général) stay out of the sun; ( mets-toi à l'ombre) don't stay in the sun; ‘ne pas exposer à la chaleur’ ‘keep away from direct heat’; être exposé à une maladie to be exposed to a disease.

B s'exposer vpr

1 ( se rendre vulnérable) to put oneself at risk; s'exposer à to risk [colère, rechute, mort]; to lay oneself open to, to run the risk of [poursuites, critiques, représailles]; s'exposer à tout perdre to run the risk of losing everything; il s'est trop exposé dans cette affaire he has been incautious in his involvement in that business, he's stuck his neck out○ too far in that business;

2 ( se placer) s'exposer au soleil to go out in the sun.

[ɛkspoze] verbe transitif

1. [dans un magasin] to display, to put on display, to set out (separable)

[dans une galerie, dans une foire] to exhibit, to show

2. [soumettre]

exposer quelqu'un à [critiques, ridicule] to lay somebody open to, to expose somebody to

3. [mettre en danger - honneur, vie] to endanger, to put at risk

4. [faire connaître - arguments, motifs] to expound, to put forward (separable) ; [ - intentions] to set forth ou out (separable), to explain ; [ - revendications] to set forth, to put forward, to make known

5. LITTÉRATURE & MUSIQUE to set out (separable)

[thème] to introduce

6. PHOTOGRAPHIE to expose

————————

s'exposer verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)

1. [se compromettre] to leave oneself exposed

2. [se placer]

1 beginning, start (comienzo).

el principio del fin the beginning of the end

del principio al fin, desde el principio hasta el fin from beginning to end, from start to finish

a principios de at the beginning of

al principio at first, in the beginning

en principio quedamos en hacer una reunión el jueves provisionally o unless you hear otherwise, we've arranged to meet on Thursday

en un principio at first

2 principle (fundamento, ley).

en principio in principle

por principio on principle

3 origin, source (origen).

4 element (elemento).

principio activo active ingredient

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: principiar.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 (inicio) beginning, start

■ me voy de vacaciones a principios de mes I'm going on holiday at the beginning of the month

2 (base) principle

3 (moral) principle

■ no tiene principios he has no principles

► nombre masculino plural principios

1 rudiments

\

al principio at first, at the beginning

en principio in principle

* * *

1) beginning, outset

2) principle

* * *

1) (=comienzo) beginning

2) pl principios (=nociones) rudiments, first notions

3) (=norma) principle

4) (Fil) principle

5) (Quím) element, constituent

6) (Culin) entrée

* * *

1) ( comienzo) beginning

2)

a) (concepto, postulado) principle

b) ( norma moral) principle

* * *

1) ( comienzo) beginning

2)

a) (concepto, postulado) principle

b) ( norma moral) principle

* * *

el principio

principio¹

¹ = principle, proposition, tenet, canon, touchstone.

principio²

² = start, eruption, kick-off, startup [start-up], beginning.

* * *

A (comienzo) beginning

el principio del verano early summer, the beginning of summer

empieza por el principio start at the beginning

el principio del fin the beginning of the end

el éxito logrado con su primer libro es un buen principio the success she's had with her first book is a good start, the success of her first book has got her off to a good start

se llegó a un principio de acuerdo en las negociaciones they reached the beginnings of an agreement in the negotiations

congeniamos desde el principio we got along well from the start

leyó el libro desde el principio hasta el final sin parar he read the book from cover to cover o from beginning to end o from start to finish without putting it down

a principios de temporada at the beginning of the season

a principios de siglo at the turn of the century

al principio at first

en un principio se creyó que la Tierra era plana at first o in the beginning people believed the Earth was flat

1 (concepto, postulado) principle

es un principio universalmente aceptado it's a universally accepted concept

la teoría parte de un principio erróneo the theory is based on a false premise

en principio la reunión es el jueves the meeting's on Thursday unless you hear otherwise o provisionally, the meeting is set for Thursday

en principio estoy de acuerdo, pero no depende sólo de mí I agree in principle, but it isn't only up to me

2 (norma moral) principle

es una cuestión de principios it's a question of principle(s)

es una persona de principios she's a person of principle o a principled person

por principio on principle

uncertainty principle

uncertainty principle

pleasure/reality principle

* * *

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

◊ a principios de temporada at the beginning of the season;

◊ es una mujer de principios she's a woman of principle;

* * *

principio nm

1. [comienzo] beginning, start;

empieza por el principio start at the beginning;

al principio at first, in the beginning;

desde el principio from the beginning;

se ha llegado a un principio de acuerdo a preliminary agreement has been reached;

a principios de at the beginning of;

en un principio at first;

el principio del fin the beginning of the end;

del principio al fin, desde el principio hasta el fin from beginning to end, from start to finish

2. [fundamento, ley] principle

principio de incertidumbre uncertainty principle;

principio de indeterminación uncertainty principle;

principio del todo o nada all-or-nothing policy

3. [origen] origin, source

4. [elemento] element

5.

un hombre de principios a man of principles;

sin principios unprincipled, unscrupulous;

por principio on principle;

se negó a hacerlo por principios she refused to do it on principle

6.

tiene algunos principios de informática she knows a bit about computing

7. [primera consideración]

en principio quedamos en hacer una reunión el jueves provisionally o unless you hear otherwise, we've arranged to meet on Thursday

* * *

1 ley, moral principle;

en principio in principle;

por principio on principle

2 en tiempo beginning;

a principios de abril at the beginning of April;

al principio, en un principio at first;

el principio del fin the beginning of the end

* * *

principio nm

1) comienzo: beginning

2) : principle

al principio : at first

a principios de : at the beginning of

a principios de agosto: at the beginning of August

en principio : in principle

* * *

principio n

1. (comienzo) beginning

2. (concepto) principle

• Более прямой метод получения величины F рассматривается в главе 9. - A more direct procedure for obtaining F is considered in Chapter 9.

• Большая часть материала, представленного в данной главе, имела дело с... - Much of the material presented in this chapter has dealt with...

• В дальнейших главах излагается методология для... - The following chapters outline the methodology involved in...

• В данной главе мы будем заниматься подобными процессами. - This chapter will be concerned with such processes.

• В данной главе мы будем рассматривать лишь... - In this chapter we shall be concerned only with...

• В данной главе мы заложим теоретические основания для... - In this chapter we lay the theoretical foundations for...

• В данной главе мы предлагаем обсудить... - In this chapter we propose to discuss...

• В данной главе мы представим некоторые избранные материалы... - In the present chapter we shall give a selection of...

• В данной главе мы продолжим наше изучение (проблемы и т. п.)... - In this chapter, we will continue our study of...

• В данной главе мы разовьем теорию... - In this chapter we shall develop the theory of...

• В данной главе мы рассмотрим путь, которым... - In this chapter, we consider the way in which...

• В данной главе мы сформулируем метод для... - In this chapter, we shall formulate the procedure for...

• В данной главе мы уделим некоторое внимание (чвму-л)... - In this chapter we shall devote some attention to...

• В данной главе мы, главным образом, интересуемся... - We are concerned mainly in this chapter with...

• В данной главе позднее станет очевидно, что... - It will become evident later in this chapter that...

• В данной главе рассматривается... - It is the object of the present chapter to...

• В данной главе рассматривается еще один подход... - This chapter is concerned with yet another approach to...

• В предшествующих главах мы видели, что... - We have seen in preceding chapters that...

• В следующей главе мы (еще) вернемся к этому выражению. - We shall return to this expression in the next chapter.

• В следующей главе мы дадим количественное представление... - In the next chapter we give a more quantitative account of...

• В следующей главе мы увидим, что... - We shall see in the next chapter that...

• В следующих четырех главах мы будем рассматривать исключительно... - In the next four chapters we shall be concerned exclusively with...

• В соответствии с методом, намеченным в Главе 1, мы... - In accordance with the method outlined in Chapter 1, we...

• В третьей главе (= В главе 3) мы встретим другое обобщение той же самой основной идеи. - In Chapter 3 we shall meet another generalization of the same basic idea.

• В этой вводной главе мы сделаем обзор... - In this introductory chapter we shall review...

• В этой главе будут описываться два подхода к... - This chapter will describe two approaches to...

• В этой главе мы даем эффективный метод... - In this chapter we give an efficient method for...

• В этой главе мы рассматриваем различные случаи... - In this chapter we consider various cases of...

• В этой главе мы сосредоточимся на (проблеме, вопросе и т. п.)... - In this chapter we concentrate on...

• В этой главе не делалось попыток обсудить очень сложную проблему... -In this chapter no attempt has been made to discuss the very difficult problem of...

• В этой главе основное внимание будет направлено на... - In this chapter we will direct most of the attention toward...

• В этой главе рассматривается... - This chapter is concerned with...

• В этой главе формулируются основные положения... - This chapter provides an outline of...

• Данная глава будет посвящена описанию... - This chapter will be devoted to an exposition of...

• Данная глава начинается с описания... - This chapter begins with a description of...

• Данная глава завершается обсуждением... - The chapter concludes with a discussion of...

• Данная глава, в основном, посвящена объяснению... - This chapter is devoted primarily to explaining...

• Данная методика будет использоваться в последующих главах. - This procedure will be followed in subsequent chapters.

• Заключим данную главу несколькими словами относительно... - We conclude this chapter with a few words on...

• Значительная часть настоящей главы посвящена... - A large proportion of the present chapter is concerned with...

• Из содержания предыдущих глав мы уже знаем, что... - We already know from earlier chapters that...

• Книга состоит из восьми глав. - The book is divided into eight chapters.

• Многие идеи и результаты последней главы могут быть распространены на случай... - Many of the ideas and results of the last chapter can now be extended to the case of...

• Многие идеи, рассматриваемые в данной главе,... - Many of the ideas appearing in this chapter are...

• Мы (еще) вернемся к этой аналогии во второй главе. - We shall return later to this analogy in Chapter 2.

• Мы завершаем данную главу демонстрацией того, что... - We end this section by showing that...

• Мы можем применить некоторые результаты этой главы, чтобы проиллюстрировать... - We may apply some of the results of this chapter to illustrate...

• Мы обсудим этот эффект в другой главе. - We shall discuss this effect in a later chapter.

• Мы откладываем обсуждение этого явления до главы 5. - We defer discussion of this phenomenon until Chapter 5.

• Мы продолжим это (исследование) в главе 4. - We shall go further into this in Chapter 4.

• Мы также уже обсудили эту задачу в главе 2. - We have also discussed this problem in Chapter 2.

• Некоторые дальнейшие замечания могут быть найдены в главе 2. - Some further remarks may be found in Chapter 2.

• Некоторые из этих вопросов будут развиваться в следующей главе. - Some of these points will be developed further in the next chapter.

• Основная часть этой работы была проделана в главе 2. - The bulk of the work was done in Chapter 2.

• Основным вопросом данной главы является... - Our main business in this chapter is to...

• Остальная часть этой главы посвящена... - The rest of the chapter deals with... (

• Первые четыре главы данной книги должны быть доступны... - The first four chapters of this book should be accessible to...

• Всюду в данной главе мы будем предполагать, что... - Throughout this chapter we have assumed that...

• Позднее в этой главе мы узнаем, что... - Later in this chapter we will learn that...

• Пример его (метода) использования уже приведен в Главе 2. - An example of its use has already been given in Chapter 2.

• Рассуждение, приведенное в конце последней главы, показывает, что... - The argument at the end of the last chapter shows that...

• Результаты данной главы позволяют нам... - The results of the present chapter enable us to...

• Строгое обсуждение будет дано в главе 2. - A rigorous discussion will be given in Chapter 2.

• Теперь возвратимся к вопросу, поставленному в начале этой главы. - We now return to the question posed at the beginning of the chapter.

• Целью данной главы является представление... - It is the purpose of this chapter to present...

• Целью данной главы является разработка... - The aim of this chapter is to develop...

• Мы собираемся сделать в этой главе... - What we seek to do in this chapter is to...

• Что такое тензоры объясняется подробно в главе 3. - The subject of tensors is explained at length in Chapter 3.

• Эта глава почти полностью посвящается... - This chapter has been almost wholly concerned with...

• Эта глава представляет один подход к решению... - This chapter presents one approach to the solution of...

• Эта тема будет развиваться в следующей главе. - This subject will be developed in the following chapter.

• Эти данные будут использованы в следующей главе. - This information will be put into use in the next chapter.

• Эти явления обсуждаются в главе 5. - These phenomena are discussed in Chapter 5.

• Это будет темой следующей главы. - This will be the theme of the next chapter.

• Далее это обсуждается в главе 4 в связи с... - This is further discussed in Chapter 4 in conjunction with...

• Это не согласуется с терминологией главы 1. - This is at variance with the terminology of Chapter 1.

• Этот факт был отмечен без доказательства в главе 4. - This fact was noted without proof in Chapter 4.

• Этот эффект будет обсуждаться в главе 2, где будет показано, что... - This effect will be discussed in Chapter 2, where it will be shown that...

1) General subject: carcass, frame, framework, hull, rack, shell, skeleton

2) Computers: outline

3) Geology: skeleton frame

4) Biology: backbone (макромолекулы)

5) Aviation: carcase

6) Naval: grid, mock mold, mocked-up mold

7) Medicine: bar (металлический)

8) Botanical term: esa (Celtis), hackberry (Celtis), ohia (Celtis)

9) Engineering: bobbin (катушки индуктивности), cage, camera structure (фото- или киносъёмочного аппарата), chassis, core, fabric (здания), frame work, framing, grillage, ossature (здания или покрытия), spool (катушки), stalk (литейного стержня), structure

10) Construction: backbone, basket, framework (здания), grating (из стального проката), half-timbering, ossature (здания), stamina, lattice

11) Mathematics: pseudomodel, spanning tree (graph theory)

12) Railway term: former (без обмотки), housing

13) Automobile industry: basic structure, cradle, space frame, spaceframe

14) Art: armature (статуи)

15) Forestry: hackberry (Celtis L.), shell (кресла)

16) Metallurgy: network, supporting structure

17) Electronics: bobbin

18) Information technology: case, case frame, wireframe

19) Oil: jacket

20) Astronautics: airframe, crib, primary structure, ( внутренний) secondary structure (ср. primary structure - корпус)

21) Atomic energy: wire frame

22) Metrology: former (катушки)

23) Drilling: camshaft (протектора)

24) Polymers: base, body, casing

25) Makarov: bracing, bracing cage, hulk (заброшенного сооружения), matrix, ossature (сооружения, здания или покрытия), racking, ribbing, scaffold, spatial grid

26) Gold mining: envelope

27) Combustion gas turbines: shroud

28) Electrical engineering: end-frame (трансформатора)

1) General subject: alphabet (науки), background knowledge, basics, element (знания), elementaries, elements (науки и т. п.), essentials, foundations, fundamental, fundamentals of, ground, outlines, principium, principiums, rationale, stromata, ins and outs, the first principles, (правовые, организационные и экономические) governance, (правовые, организационные и экономические) framework, ABC, 101 (one-oh-one)

2) Naval: outlines (науки)

3) Military: avionics planning baseline

4) Engineering: fundamentals, principles

5) Construction: fundamentals (напр. расчёта)

6) Mathematics: s

7) Law: fundamental principles (строя), outline

8) Economy: foundation

9) Accounting: framework

10) Metallurgy: (теоретические) fundamentals

11) Polygraphy: general treatise

12) Psychology: fundamentals (науки)

13) Patents: theory

14) Education: smth 101 (например, Physics 101 - Основы физики), fundamental concepts

15) Makarov: accidence (к.-л. дисциплины), alphabet, background, bases, grounds, rudiments

1) General subject: arrangement, blue print, blueprint, book (suit somebody's book - совпадать с чьими-либо планами), chart, contrivance, delineation, design, device, draft, eye, idea, lay out, lay-out, map, modus operandi, ordinance, outline, plan, plane, plat, plot, program (работы и т. п.), program (работы и т.п.), programme, project, projection, projet, proposal, proposition, pro­posal, rede, schedule, schematic, scheme, skeleton, the format of a conference, syllabus

2) Geology: section plan, surface plan

3) Naval: frame

4) Colloquial: dodge, set-up

5) Sports: playbook

6) Military: bullring, outlay, script

7) Engineering: ground plan, ichnography, layout, survey

8) Bookish: schema

9) Rare: (общий) sketch

10) Construction: prospect, prospectus, skeleton (программы)

11) Mathematics: array (эксперимента), plan view, setting, top view, trend-robust plan

12) Law: contrivance (особ. предательский)

13) Economy: feasible solution, plat ( a map showing actual or planned features and streets)

14) Accounting: budget, draught

15) Linguistics: aspect, level

16) Australian slang: dart

17) Automobile industry: diagram

18) Architecture: layout (чаще всего употребляется в значении "генеральный план"), schedule (в значении "расписание действий")

19) Diplomatic term: counsel, programme (работы и т.п.)

20) Painting: ground

21) Forestry: manuring

22) Psychology: theory

23) Jargon: lay, pitch, rinctum

24) Information technology: flexible manufacturing, schedule (календарный)

25) Oil: game, target

26) Astronautics: drawing, setup

27) Cartography: horizontal plan, planimetry

28) Mechanic engineering: (календарный) schedule

29) Advertising: makeup

30) Patents: program (работ), programme (работ)

31) Drilling: system

32) Sakhalin energy glossary: master plan

33) Automation: hang, many-stage

34) Quality control: design (напр. эксперимента), layout (напр. эксперимента), schedule chart (работ)

35) Robots: manuscript, schedule (календарный)

36) Sakhalin A: plot plan (участка, площадки)

37) Cables: layout (lay-out)

38) Aviation medicine: view

39) Psychoanalysis: shedule

40) Makarov: alignment chart, disposition, floor projection, ichnograph, layout (расположения), layout (стр., обычно генеральный), line, platform, protraction

41) Drugs: cannabis, dope, grass, hash, hashish, joint, marijuana, pot, tea, tobacco

42) General subject: design (эксперимента)

• В основном он используется в/ при... - It is principally used in...

• В случае, когда используются такие соглашения, предполагается, что... - When such terms are used, it is assumed that...

• Данная методика будет использоваться в последующих главах. - This procedure will be followed in subsequent chapters.

• Данный метод весьма общий, он может использоваться для того, чтобы... - The method is quite general and can be used to deal with...

• Для очень тонких работ обычно используется серебро, потому что... - For very accurate work, silver is usually used because...

• Итак, мы намечаем несколько методов, которые могут использоваться, чтобы... - We therefore outline some procedures which can be used to...

• Какая бы техника ни использовалась, в основном всегда будет... - Whichever technique is used, there will generally be...

• Мы увидим, что эти методы могут использоваться лишь тогда, когда... - It will be observed that these methods are only applicable when...

• На самом деле оба метода используются на практике. - Both methods are in fact used in practice.

• Обнаружилось, что данный метод успешно используется в широком диапазоне... - The method is found to be successful on a wide range of...

• Одна простая теория может использоваться для... - A simple theory can be used to...

• Подобная техника используется для... - A similar technique is used for...

• Подобное соглашение используется, когда... - A similar convention is used when...

• Подобные методы могут использоваться в более сложных ситуациях. - Similar methods may be employed in more complicated cases.

• Поэтому это долго использовалось для... - For these reasons, it has long been used for...

• Следует подчеркнуть, что этот метод должен использоваться только если... - It is to be emphasized that this method should be used only if...

• Следующие утверждения часто используются для того, чтобы определить... - The following propositions are often used to determine...

• Схема, которую мы будем использовать, идентична той, что использовалась для... - The scheme we will use is identical to that used for...

• То, что было сказано выше, применяется в частности... - What has been said above applies in particular to...

• Уравнение (4) часто используется как базис для вычислений... - Equation (4) is often used as a basis for the calculation of...

• Чрезвычайно похожие идеи используются в... - Precisely similar ideas are applicable to...

• Эта книга может использоваться для разработки... - This book can be used to design...

• Эта терминология использовалась рядом авторов. - This terminology has been used by a number of writers.

• Это устройство может использоваться каждый раз, когда... - This device can be employed whenever...